Direct Access 1.0

CATEGORY 1.0 (DA)

1.0: Direct Access *ONLY INVOLVES THE INDIVIDUAL (Doing something gets you something; you access reinforcement by yourself).
Using the term DIRECT is defined as behaviors that contacts the nonsocial contingency directly, within .5-second time interval. In other words, the reinforcing event occurs within .5 seconds of the terminal response occurring. 

1.1 DA: Immediate Sensory Stimuli
 Problem behaviors in this category produce immediately (often within .5 seconds of terminal response) the sensory event that maintains such behavior.  Direct Access to immediate sensory stimuli the problem behavior immediately produce the sensory stimulation that maintains the problem behavior.
·         Repetitive movements:  hand flapping, rocking, etc. (STIMMING)

1.2 DA: Tangible Reinforcers
Given a deprivation state with respect to the item or event, this motivating operation establishes the value of a chain or sequence of behaviors that can produce the item. The chain of behaviors that can result in obtaining the desired item or activity becomes more probable.
Direct Access to tangible reinforcers in a state of deprivation from a specific tangible/edible a behavior or chain of behaviors is likely to occur in order for direct access to the item. Direct Access Behaviors involve only the individual and the reinforcer. A teacher or therapist is not involved

Replacement Behaviors for DA:
Direct Access to tangible reinforcer (get item yourself)
·         Teaching a socially appropriate behavior or chain of behaviors that allows direct access to tangible reinforcers
Access mand option (asking for item)
·         Teaching the individual an appropriate way to request the tangible or attention desired.
Omission Training option (wait for _____ without behavior)
·         Designate a certain amount of time that the individual must go without engaging in problem behavior, once the interval has elapsed the individual accesses reinforcement if the problem behavior did not occur during the interval
 Premack Contingency (first_____, then_______)
·         Designate certain low probability tasks that must be completed in order to access the reinforce

Chain Interruption Strategy
·         The behavior should be interrupted or blocked as soon as it begins to occur
·         Interruption or response blocking in conjunction with differential reinforcement of the replacement behavior, will yield the best results
·         It is important to interrupt or block the behavior before reinforcement or too much reinforcement is accessed, and then teach the replacement behavior and reinforce and shape that response topography
Chain Interruption Strategy What is it?
Example:
·         Child often slides a chair to the refrigerator so that he can access the box on top of the fridge containing candy.
·         Once he has completed the chain of behaviors (walking to chair, pushing chair, climbing on chair, reaching for box, opening box, grabbing candy, opening candy and eating candy) it is too late!
·         You have to intervene early in the chain, and teach the replacement.

·         You could have them ask for candy (access mand option) or do homework first (Premack Principle).

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